Biologics.

Biologics are called immunomodulator drugs as they act by modulating the immune system. They are a newer type of injectable drugs and are basically manufactured proteins. They act by focusing on the specific function of the immune system which leads to auto immune diseases such as psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis.

They have proved to be quite effective in treating moderate to severe psoriasis, which has not responded to the traditional therapy, as well as psoriatic arthritis. Being relatively new their long term effects are still to be ascertained.

Biologic Treatment for Psoriasis.

Biologics include the following names.

• Alefacept (Amevive).

Mode of action. This drug acts by decreasing the increased number of activated T cells, which is the main cause of psoriasis symptoms. This drug falls in the category of biologics called T cell blockers.

• Etharnecept (Enbrel)

• Infliximab (Remicade)

• Ustekinumab ( Stelera).

Mode of action. Etharnecept, Infliximab and Ustekinumab belong to the class of biologic drugs  which are TNF alpha blockers (Tumor necrosis factor). TNF are proteins which cause tumor cell necrosis and are pro inflammatory agents.

• Efalizumab (Raptiva). 

Mode of action. This drug acts by blocking the activation of T cells and their migration to the skin. It has, however been withdrawn by the manufacturer in 2009.

Mode of Administration of Biologics.

They are given either by intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous route. Some biologics can be self taken at home but intra muscular and intravenous injections are required to be taken at the dermatologist’s office.

• Amevive is administered by intramuscular injection by a doctor.
• Certain biological drugs such as Enbrel are injected in the legs, arms or the abdomen. This can be done by the patient himself or his family member.
• Stelera is given through I.V. drip by the doctor.

Side Effects of Biologics.

Though derived from natural sources, these drugs can cause serious side effects due to their immunosuppressant action (suppression of the immune system of the body).

• There is concern for serious infections and malignancies with these drugs.
• Mild reactions at the injection site – redness and tenderness.
• Recurrence of tuberculosis in a patient on these drugs and history of TB.
• Other respiratory tract infections.

Precautions and Contraindications for Biologics.

• A compromised immune system.
• Presence of an active infection.
• Biologics are not to be used in cancer patients or in persons with a history of cancer.
• Precaution is to exercised in patients with infection of hepatitis B or C, tuberculosis and HIV.
• A patient to be started on this therapy must undergo screening tests for the above infections.
• It is suspected that there may be an increased association of lymphomas in patients on biologics.

Disadvantages of Biologics.

• The treatment is expensive and can run into several thousands of dollars a year. Read treatment of psoriasis to know the cost of treatment.
• Availability is limited.

Related posts:

1. Treatment of Psoriasis.
2. Statistics for Psoriasis.
3. Symptoms of Psoriasis.
4. Risk Factors That Can Give You Psoriasis.
5. Complications of Psoriasis.
6. Psoriasis Pictures.
7. What Causes Psoriasis.
8. Tests and Diagnosis for Psoriasis.